Solar 101: How is sunshine converted into electricity?
Solar power is, of course, the process of converting sunlight into electricity. This conversion can occur through two primary technologies: photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). Photovoltaics are by far the most common form of solar power, especially for residential use.
PV basics
Photovoltaic solar power works through photovoltaic cells, which are the fundamental building blocks of a solar panel. These cells are designed to convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Cells are typically made from semiconductor materials, like silicon, which are adept at absorbing light. When sunlight hits a photovoltaic cell, it dislodges electrons within the semiconductor material, creating a flow of electrical current. This current is captured and channeled to produce direct current (DC) electricity.
The arrangement of multiple photovoltaic cells in a grid-like pattern on a solar panel's surface allows for the generation of a significant amount of electricity to power homes or businesses. The efficiency of these cells—how effectively they convert sunlight into electricity—is a key factor in the overall performance of a solar power system. Advances in photovoltaic technology continue to improve their efficiency and durability, making solar power an increasingly viable and sustainable energy source.
What does the solar power situation look like in Australia?
Australia's geographic position means it receives high levels of solar radiation, making it an ideal location for solar power generation. Australian households and businesses are increasingly adopting solar power due to its environmental and economic benefits.
Australia’s embrace of solar power is further supported by various government incentives and rebates, making solar an economically viable option for many. This country’s approach to reducing carbon emissions has also seen a significant push towards increasing the capacity of solar installations nationwide. This solar revolution not only benefits the environment but also reduces electricity costs for consumers, contributing to a sustainable and economically efficient future.
Australia has the world’s highest per capita solar capacity, and this is largely driven by rooftop solar installations by homes and businesses.
What are the typical components of an Australian solar power system?
Solar panels
Obviously, no system is complete without solar panels. Often the most noticeable part of a solar power system, panels are crucial in harnessing solar energy. In Australia, where conditions can range from intense sunlight to coastal breezes, solar panels need to be exceptionally resilient. They must be designed to withstand environmental stressors such as UV exposure, wind, and rain.
Key features of modern solar panels include:
- High efficiency: advanced solar panels have improved efficiency ratings, meaning they can convert more sunlight into electricity. This is particularly beneficial in areas with limited roof space.
- Durability: given Australia's diverse climate, panels are built to endure various weather conditions, maintaining performance over many years.
- Smart technology integration: some panels come equipped with smart technology for enhanced monitoring and management. This includes features like power optimisers or smart grid capabilities.
- Aesthetics: contemporary solar panels are not only functional but also designed to blend seamlessly with the architecture, enhancing aesthetic appeal.
SolarEdge’s Smart Panels come pre-fitted with DC optimisers and a huge range of built-in safety features, including Safe DC for automatic rapid shutdown, Sense Connect, which looks for abnormal thermal events within the wiring that connects the solar panels, and smartphone alerts, for peace of mind and enhanced protection. Learn more about our panels here.
The solar inverter
To start with, there are three types of inverter technology—string, micro-inverter and DC power optimised inverters.To see the difference between all three, check out this video:
The inverter converts the DC electricity produced by the solar panels into AC electricity, which is used on the Australian grid.
A high-quality inverter is pivotal in maximising the output of your solar power system, with its conversion efficiency playing a crucial role. These inverters are designed to convert a higher percentage of solar energy received into usable electricity, enhancing the system’s overall performance. In addition to efficiency, modern inverters are equipped with advanced system monitoring capabilities. This feature allows homeowners to keep a close eye on their system's performance, track energy usage, and promptly detect any operational issues.
Safety is also a paramount concern. Inverters are typically integrated with critical safety features such as automatic shutdown during power outages. This not only ensures the safety of your home but also protects utility workers, highlighting the inverter's role as a key component in the safe and efficient operation of solar power systems.
SolarEdge offers a range of high-quality inverters, including our flagship Home Hub inverter, which boasts a best-in-class 99% weighted efficiency rating. Click here to learn more about our range of inverters.
The Power Optimiser
Power Optimisers are a relatively recent addition to solar power systems, playing a significant role in enhancing their efficiency. Installed at the module level, they perform MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) for each panel individually. This optimisation ensures that each panel operates at its peak performance, regardless of whether other panels in the array are shaded or underperforming.
Power optimisers play a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and performance of solar power systems. By individually managing the output of each solar panel, they can significantly boost the overall energy yield of the system. This is especially beneficial in conditions where panels might be partially shaded, dirty, or experiencing some form of degradation, as power optimisers help mitigate these impacts, ensuring optimal performance for the life of the solar panel.
SolarEdge’s S-Series Power Optimisers come with industry-leading safety innovation in the form of Sense Connect, which identifies imminent arc threats and cuts power. When paired with our Monitoring Platform, our optimisers offer increased power generation from each module as well as granular monitoring and a slew of other benefits. Learn more here.
Other considerations for a home solar system
Battery
The integration of a solar battery into a solar power system is a transformative step toward maximising energy efficiency and achieving greater energy independence. These batteries are designed to store excess electricity generated by your solar panels, a feature which becomes particularly useful during times when solar generation is not possible, such as at night or during overcast conditions. This capability to store and later utilise stored solar energy empowers homeowners to rely less on the electrical grid, significantly enhancing the self-sufficiency of their home energy systems.
One of the major advantages of having a solar battery is the provision of a consistent and uninterrupted power supply, especially during power outages. In these scenarios, a solar battery can be a lifeline, maintaining the operation of essential appliances and systems like refrigerators, home healthcare equipment, lighting, and heating or cooling systems. This not only adds a layer of comfort and convenience but also ensures safety in times of emergency.
Solar batteries optimise the financial benefits of solar power systems. Without a battery, surplus energy generated by your solar panels would typically be exported back to the grid, often at a lower rate than what you would pay for using electricity from the grid. By storing this surplus energy, you can use it during peak hours when electricity rates are higher, leading to increased savings on your electricity bills.
The environmental impact of using solar batteries is also noteworthy. By maximising the use of clean solar energy and reducing dependence on fossil-fuel-based grid electricity, solar batteries contribute significantly to reducing your household's carbon footprint. This aligns with broader environmental goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change.
How can solar power save you money?
Investing in solar power is not just a commitment to renewable energy; it's also a financially savvy decision. By generating your own electricity, you reduce your dependence on the grid, leading to significant savings on your energy bills. The initial cost of installing a solar power system is offset by these savings over time, and because solar power systems require minimal maintenance, low ongoing costs are ensured. The increase in the property value of homes equipped with solar systems is another potential financial benefit.
As electricity prices continue to rise, the savings from using solar power will likely increase, making solar power a smart investment for the future.